Disparities exist along the pediatric leukemia continuum, from incidence to outcome. Of note, despite improvements in childhood cancer survival in the last several decades, marked racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in outcomes persist. Compared with non-Hispanic white children, non-Hispanic black and Hispanic children experience lower survival from many cancers, including leukemia, the most commonly diagnosed cancer in children. The underlying causes of these survival differences are poorly understood and may vary by cancer type, and both biological and socioeconomic pathways have been proposed. Recent evidence has suggested that lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with survival from some childhood cancers. This seminar will explore disparities along the cancer continuum, discuss potential underlying mechanisms, and share ongoing work characterizing the impact of socioeconomic status on outcome.