Antibacterial resistance poses a major threat to public health; globally there are approximately 4.95 million deaths annually associated with antibiotic resistance. Well-designed randomized controlled trials can inform strategies to help conserve antibiotics for future use. During this seminar we will discuss 1) Advances in clinical trial design that can be leveraged to effectively address antibiotic resistance, 2) Metrics for assessing equitable enrollment of clinical trial participants, and 3) How the duration of antibiotic therapy impacts the respiratory resistome and microbiota in children.